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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medications are a great way to treat anxiety-related symptoms. Psychologists have extensive experience in the use of drugs and are able to write appropriate prescriptions that minimize side effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually three-pronged: therapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs are the first-choice medications for treating anxiety, but they may take a few weeks for them to be effective. SSRIs The majority of anxiety disorders are treated with SSRIs. Newer SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Several SSRIs are FDA-approved for treating generalized anxiety disorder, such as fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paroxetine (aka Paxil) sertraline (aka Zoloft), and citalopram (aka Celexa). These medications can increase serotonin in the brain and can also increase norepinephrine, or BDNF. They can be used alone or in conjunction with psychotherapy. SSRIs can cause nausea and digestive issues, but these side effects usually subside when the body is accustomed to the medication. The precise mechanism through which SSRIs help with anxiety isn't fully understood. It is believed that SSRIs block serotonin reuptake by post-synaptic neurons and increase the concentration serotonin within the synaptic gaps. This enhances the signaling across the synapses and reduces anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can help reduce anxiety and the severity of panic attacks. They also aid in the treatment of depression and other mental health issues that are often associated with anxiety disorders. They can be combined with psychotherapy or cognitive behavior therapy to increase their effectiveness. Unlike some other classes of antidepressants, SSRIs are not believed to be addictive. Nevertheless, it is important to follow the prescriptions of your doctor exactly. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it can cause “discontinuation” syndrome and anxiety symptoms to come back. If SSRIs aren't suitable for you, your doctor might consider a different type of antidepressant, such as mirtazapine or nefazodone. These drugs may also be effective, but they have a greater risk of adverse effects than the newer SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain food items such as dairy products and eggs, red meat and some fruits and veggies. If you are taking these medicines, it is a good idea to stay clear of these foods. In addition, it is generally recommended to avoid drinking alcohol while taking SSRIs as it may increase the severity of some adverse effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines enhance the calming effects of certain chemicals found in the brain and nervous system. They work by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acids (GABA), which suppresses the activity of nerves. These medications can be very effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and other psychological disorders. However they can be addictive and should only be used for short periods of time under medical supervision. Benzos can be dangerous when used for recreational purposes or mixed with other substances such as alcohol. The use of medication is often the first thing that people turn to when they suffer from an anxiety disorder however they're not the only treatment option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has also been proven to reduce anxiety symptoms. There are a myriad of psychotherapies, but cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the most popular and efficient. This kind of therapy helps you to change your thoughts and behavior to feel less anxious. The most commonly used benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium) Clorazepate (Tranxene), lorazepam (Ativan), and quazepam (Dalmane). Each has a unique list of side effects however, they all share similar pharmacological properties. Clorazepate for instance is more effective in treating seizure disorders than other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam, on other hand, is superior in treating anxiety disorders as than quazepam. Although benzodiazepines can be very efficient, they are not recommended for long-term use because they can lead to physical dependence and tolerance. They can also cause withdrawal symptoms, such as a heart pounding, sweating, and shaking if you abruptly stop taking them. The symptoms can be unpleasant and last for a long time. However, they can be minimized when you reduce the medication gradually. Benzodiazepines are extremely addictive and should be used only for a brief period of time – usually no more than 4 weeks. During this time, you will need to closely monitor your blood pressure and heart rate to ensure that you don't suffer an extreme withdrawal reaction. Speak to your doctor when you're considering taking a benzoodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be used to treat anxiety-related symptoms. These medications prevent adrenaline from binding with beta receptors within the nervous system. This is a way to stop the hormone from creating physical reactions, such as heart tremors or palpitations. These drugs are usually used to treat high blood pressure and other conditions of the cardiovascular system, but they can also be prescribed for non-pharmacological use in cases of anxiety. If you are stressed, your body releases a chemical dubbed Adrenaline. This chemical signals your body to prepare itself for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds to beta receptors in the heart and brain which causes your heart rate to increase and can trigger other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are a class of medication used to treat hypertension and other heart-related conditions. They work by blocking adrenaline's binding action. disorders anxiety helps to lower the heart rate and blood pressure. In contrast to SSRIs and benzodiazepines that require a long time to make a noticeable difference in your symptoms, beta-blockers can be acted upon quickly. This makes them an excellent option for people who need immediate relief from anxiety-related symptoms like those who need to deliver an address in public or travel on an airplane. They are also a good alternative for people suffering from anxiety and chronic heart problems like atherosclerosis or congestive cardiac failure. Beta-blockers may reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, but they do not address the root causes. They are therefore only prescribed in conjunction with a comprehensive treatment plan that incorporates lifestyle modifications and counseling. They are beneficial for those who have tried medications for anxiety and found it to be ineffective, or had intolerable side effects. Propranolol, atenolol, as well as other beta-blockers are also available. Your doctor will decide which one is best for you depending on your medical history and overall health. Taking these medications can have negative side effects, including low blood pressure or fatigue, so it is important to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) were created in the 1950s as an antidepressant, are effective for certain depression and anxiety disorders. They are not as commonly utilized as SSRIs or other antidepressants due the strict dietary restrictions that are required as well as the risk of drug interactions. Certain MAOIs are available in tablet form and can be taken orally, whereas others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal patch for skin. MAOIs inhibit the action of MAO which increases the amount of serotonin as well as norepinephrine within the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in sleep, mood, appetite, and sexual function. MAOIs have an anti-anxiety effect. They are more likely than TCAs or SSRIs to cause adverse effects and are accompanied by warnings regarding suicide. Your doctor may prescribe additional medicines or treatments to treat your symptoms in addition to the MAOIs below. A beta-blocker, such as propranolol is frequently prescribed to alleviate the physical symptoms that are associated with anxiety. Your doctor may also suggest a relaxation technique or other home remedies to help ease your symptoms. The first MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during tuberculosis research in 1952. It was soon found to have mood-elevating properties and is believed to be the first antidepressant medication. MAOIs should only be used after other antidepressants are not working, as they can cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. It could cause a risky reaction resulting in high blood pressure if you take an MAOI when you eat foods that contain tyramine. Tyramine is found in a wide variety of red meats and cheeses as well as in fish, shellfish and some dietary supplements. This severe reaction can cause an intense headache, nausea, vomiting and a fast heartbeat. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and cause serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Before prescribing MAOIs to you, your doctor will discuss with you what foods you should avoid. He or she will advise you to avoid eating foods that contain tyramine while taking the medication. He or she will also provide a list of food that are safe to consume when taking MAOIs. This food guide will help prevent MAOI-related side effects.